Basic facts
Hepatitis A is a viral disease that affects the liver and can cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe.The infection virus is transmitted by taking contaminated food, water, or by direct contact with a person who is infected.Almost all people with hepatitis A can recover completely with lifetime immunity. However, very few people with hepatitis A may die from hepatitis.The risk of hepatitis A infection is associated with a lack of safe water and low sanitation and hygiene (such as contaminated hands).Epidemics may be explosive and result in heavy economic losses.A safe and effective vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis A is available.Safe water supply, food safety, sanitation improvement, handwashing, and Hepatitis A vaccine are the most effective ways to combat the disease.Hepatitis A causes hepatitis A virus, which is spread primarily when an infected person (and not a dieter) treats food or water contaminated with the stool of a person infected with the disease. The causes of the disease are closely related to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.
Unlike Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, hepatitis A infection does not cause chronic liver disease and is rarely fatal, as it can cause symptoms of debilitating hepatitis and acute hepatitis (HP), which result in high mortality.
Hepatitis A infection occurs in isolated individual cases and in epidemics around the world and tends to occur periodically. Hepatitis A virus is one of the most common causes of transmission of foodborne disease. The epidemic disease caused by food or water contamination can be very widespread, such as the epidemiological situation that swept Shanghai in 1988 and infected about 300,000 people. Hepatitis A viruses are prevalent in the environment and can resist food production and processing, which are commonly used to disrupt and / or control bacterial pathogens.
The disease can cause serious economic and social damage to local communities. It may take weeks or months for the patient to recover from his or her work, school or daily life. It can have serious effects on food establishments that are identified as harboring the virus and their local productivity in general.
Distribution of the disease geographicallyGeographical areas can be classified as high, moderate or low levels of hepatitis A infection.
Infected areas with high levels of infectionMost children (90%) are infected with hepatitis A before age 10 in developing countries with poor hygiene and hygiene. There are no visible symptoms of childhood illness, and epidemics rarely occur because older children and adults are generally immune to it. Rates of symptoms in these areas are low and outbreaks rarely occur.
Areas affected by moderate levels of infectionIn developing countries, countries with economies in transition and regions with varying sanitation conditions, children often escape infection in early childhood and reach adulthood without immunity. Paradoxically, improving the economy and sanitation conditions has led to an increasing number of adults who have not been infected before and thus have not acquired immunity. Increasing the exposure of older people to infection risks may increase disease rates and outbreaks of major outbreaks in these communities.
Infected areas with low levels of infectionDisease infection rates are lower in developed countries where health conditions and sanitation services are good. Infections may occur among adolescents and adults in high-risk groups, such as injecting drug users, gay men, travelers to high-risk areas, and isolated populations, such as closed religious communities. However, as the virus enters such communities, high levels of hygiene lead to the cessation of one-to-one transmission and the rapid suppression of outbreaks.
Transmission of diseaseHepatitis A virus is transmitted mainly through food and water contaminated with stool containing the disease virus. The infection occurs when a person who is not infected with the disease is eating food or water that is contaminated with the faeces of a person infected with the infection. This may occur within families by contaminated hands when the person preparing the food for family members. Polluted or inadequately treated wastewater often causes outbreaks of water-borne disease, although rare.
The disease virus can also be transmitted through intimate physical contact with an infected person, but the cross-contact between individuals does not spread the virus.
Symptoms of infectionHepatitis A incubation period usually ranges from 14 to 28 days.
Symptoms vary from moderate to severe, including fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and white eyes). Not all people with the disease show all these symptoms.
The signs and symptoms of the disease often appear in adults more than in children, and the rates of severe morbidity and mortality among older people are higher. Children who are infected under the age of six do not usually show symptoms and the proportion of those who suffer from jaundice on 10%. The disease infection usually causes more severe symptoms in older children and adults and is accompanied by jaundice in more than 70% of cases of the disease. Sometimes a relapse may occur
Hepatitis A is a viral disease that affects the liver and can cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe.The infection virus is transmitted by taking contaminated food, water, or by direct contact with a person who is infected.Almost all people with hepatitis A can recover completely with lifetime immunity. However, very few people with hepatitis A may die from hepatitis.The risk of hepatitis A infection is associated with a lack of safe water and low sanitation and hygiene (such as contaminated hands).Epidemics may be explosive and result in heavy economic losses.A safe and effective vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis A is available.Safe water supply, food safety, sanitation improvement, handwashing, and Hepatitis A vaccine are the most effective ways to combat the disease.Hepatitis A causes hepatitis A virus, which is spread primarily when an infected person (and not a dieter) treats food or water contaminated with the stool of a person infected with the disease. The causes of the disease are closely related to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.
Unlike Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, hepatitis A infection does not cause chronic liver disease and is rarely fatal, as it can cause symptoms of debilitating hepatitis and acute hepatitis (HP), which result in high mortality.
Hepatitis A infection occurs in isolated individual cases and in epidemics around the world and tends to occur periodically. Hepatitis A virus is one of the most common causes of transmission of foodborne disease. The epidemic disease caused by food or water contamination can be very widespread, such as the epidemiological situation that swept Shanghai in 1988 and infected about 300,000 people. Hepatitis A viruses are prevalent in the environment and can resist food production and processing, which are commonly used to disrupt and / or control bacterial pathogens.
The disease can cause serious economic and social damage to local communities. It may take weeks or months for the patient to recover from his or her work, school or daily life. It can have serious effects on food establishments that are identified as harboring the virus and their local productivity in general.
Distribution of the disease geographicallyGeographical areas can be classified as high, moderate or low levels of hepatitis A infection.
Infected areas with high levels of infectionMost children (90%) are infected with hepatitis A before age 10 in developing countries with poor hygiene and hygiene. There are no visible symptoms of childhood illness, and epidemics rarely occur because older children and adults are generally immune to it. Rates of symptoms in these areas are low and outbreaks rarely occur.
Areas affected by moderate levels of infectionIn developing countries, countries with economies in transition and regions with varying sanitation conditions, children often escape infection in early childhood and reach adulthood without immunity. Paradoxically, improving the economy and sanitation conditions has led to an increasing number of adults who have not been infected before and thus have not acquired immunity. Increasing the exposure of older people to infection risks may increase disease rates and outbreaks of major outbreaks in these communities.
Infected areas with low levels of infectionDisease infection rates are lower in developed countries where health conditions and sanitation services are good. Infections may occur among adolescents and adults in high-risk groups, such as injecting drug users, gay men, travelers to high-risk areas, and isolated populations, such as closed religious communities. However, as the virus enters such communities, high levels of hygiene lead to the cessation of one-to-one transmission and the rapid suppression of outbreaks.
Transmission of diseaseHepatitis A virus is transmitted mainly through food and water contaminated with stool containing the disease virus. The infection occurs when a person who is not infected with the disease is eating food or water that is contaminated with the faeces of a person infected with the infection. This may occur within families by contaminated hands when the person preparing the food for family members. Polluted or inadequately treated wastewater often causes outbreaks of water-borne disease, although rare.
The disease virus can also be transmitted through intimate physical contact with an infected person, but the cross-contact between individuals does not spread the virus.
Symptoms of infectionHepatitis A incubation period usually ranges from 14 to 28 days.
Symptoms vary from moderate to severe, including fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and white eyes). Not all people with the disease show all these symptoms.
The signs and symptoms of the disease often appear in adults more than in children, and the rates of severe morbidity and mortality among older people are higher. Children who are infected under the age of six do not usually show symptoms and the proportion of those who suffer from jaundice on 10%. The disease infection usually causes more severe symptoms in older children and adults and is accompanied by jaundice in more than 70% of cases of the disease. Sometimes a relapse may occur
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